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Ardabil Province is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , in Regions 3 , bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan , the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan , and Gilan . Its administrative centre is the city of Ardabil . The province was established in 1993 from the eastern part of East Azerbaijan .

Climate and geography

Many tourists come to the region for its cool climate (max 35 °C) during the hot summer months . The winters are bitter cold , with temperatures plummeting to -25 °C .

Its famous natural region is the Sabalan mountains . The province is considered the coldest province in Iran by many . Large parts of the province are green and forested .

Famous athletes such as Ali Daei and Hossein Rezazade are originally from Ardabil .

Ardabil's capital stands about 70 km from the Caspian Sea and has an area of 18011 km² . Neighbouring the Caspian Sea and the Republic of Azerbaijan , the city is of great political and economic significance . The province has been blessed with splendid natural beauty and numerous sights .

History

The natural features of the province of Ardabil are mentioned in the Avesta , according to which Zoroaster was born by the river Aras and wrote his book in the Sabalan Mountains . During the Islamic conquest of Iran , Ardabil was the largest city in Azarbaijan , and remained so until the Mongol invasion period .

Shah Ismail I started his campaign to nationalize Iran's government and land from here , but consequently announced Tabriz as his capital in 1500 CE . Yet Ardabil remained an important city both politically and economically until modern times .

Administrative divisions

The province is divided into 10 counties : Ardabil , Bilasavar , Germi , Khalkhal , Kowsar , Meshginshahr , Namin , Sarein , Nir , and Parsabad . District of Arasbaran was transferred to the province of Ardabil from East Azerbaijan in 2010 and now appears on the more recent maps of Ardabil Province produced by the Iranian official organs .

Culture

Ardabil is the seat of the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safî ad-Dîn , eponym of the Safavid Dynasty Kulliye . It has many hot springs and beautiful natural landscapes and these attract tourists . The mineral springs of Ardabil are Beele-Darreh , Sareyn , Sardabeh and Booshloo , which are famed throughout Iran for their medicinal qualities . It also has many beauty lakes : the largest of which are Ne'or , Shoorabil , ShoorGel , NouShahr and Alooche , which are the habitats of some species of water birds .

The beautiful Lake Ne'or is located in a mountainous area 48 km south-east of the city of Ardabil . It covers an area of 2.1 km² and has an average depth of 3 metres . It is fed by springs in the lake bed . Lake Shoorabil is located in a hilly area south of the city of Ardabil and covers an area of 640,000 m² . The surface of the lake is covered with a thin white layer of minerals , which is useful for healing skin diseases and rheumatism . Near the lake there is the leisure complex of Shoorabil . Ardabil is a city of great antiquity . Its origins go back 4000 to 6000 years (according to historical research in this city) . This city was the capital of Azerbaijan province in different times , but its golden age was in the Safavid period .

One of the most ancient cities in Iran is Meshkin Shahr . It is located in the north-west of Iran in Azerbaijan , 839 kilometers from Tehran . It is the closest city to the Sabalan mountains . In the past , it was called "Khiav" , "Orami" , and "Varavi" .

The most important places to visit in the district of Meshkin Shahr are the following : - The hot water springs of Moiel , Eelando and Qaynarja , located in the suburb of the city . - Qara Soo River Sides . - The spring of Qotur Suie , located 42 kilometers from Meshkin shahr . - The old Castle of Meshkin Shahr . - Qahqaheh castle , located 80 kilometers from Meshkin Shahr . - Deev castle , located in Kavij . - The petrograph of Shapour Sasani in Meshkin Shahr . - The old cemetery in Oonar . - The tomb of Sheykh Haydar in Meshkin Shahr . - Imamzadeh Seyyed Soleyman .

The other significant historical monuments are as follows : the mausoleum of Sheikh Jebra'il , located 2 km north of Ardabil , the old but always lively bazaar , the babadavood anbaran , the Friday mosque , and a few ancient bridges . In addition to these , in many villages of Ardabil , including Sadeqlu , relics of ancient monuments , including tombs , have been found .

Colleges and universities

1- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences

2- Mohaghegh Ardabili University

3- Islamic Azad University of Ardabil

4- Payam Noor University of Ardabil

5- Soureh University of Ardabil

6- Islamic Azad University of Khalkhal

Language

The primary languages of Ardebil province are Azerbaijani , a branch of Turkic . Other languages in Ardabil include Talishi and the official Persian language .

Sheikh Safi al-Din Kh�?neg�?h and Shrine Ensemble

Sheikh Safi al-Din Kh�?neg�?h and Shrine Ensemble is the tomb of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili located in Ardabil , Iran . In 2010 , it was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List .

Sheikh Safi , an eminent leader of an Islamic Sufi order established by the Safavids , was born in Ardabil where this complex is located . The Safavids valued the tomb-mosque form , and the tomb with its mausoleum and prayer hall is located at a right angle to the mosque . The buildings in the complex surround a small inner courtyard (31 by 16 meters) . The complex is entered through a long garden .

The Mausoleum of Sheikh Safi , in Ardabil , was first built by his son Sheikh Sadr al-Dīn Mūs�? , after Sheikh Safi’s death in 1334 . It was constructed between the beginning of the 16th century and the end of the 18th century . The mausoleum , a tall , domed circular tower decorated with blue tile and about 17 meters in height ; beside it is the 17th-century Porcelain House preserving the sanctuary's ceremonial wares . Also part of the complex are many sections that have served a variety of functions over the past centuries , including a library , a mosque , a school , mausolea , a cistern , a hospital , kitchens , a bakery , and some offices . It incorporates a route to reach the shrine of the sheikh divided into seven segments , which mirror the seven stages of Sufi mysticism . Various parts of the mausoleum are separated by eight gates , which represent the eight attitudes of Sufism .

Several parts were gradually added to the main structure during the Safavid dynasty. A number of Safavid sheikhs and harems and victims of the Safavids’ battles , including the Battle of Chaldiran , have been buried at the site .

Ardabil Bazaar

Ardabil Bazaaris a bazaar built during Safavid Dynasty in Ardabil , north-western Iran .

In the 4th century historians described the bazaar as a building in the shape of the cross with a domed ceiling . It was constructed during the Safavid dynasty from the 16th to 18th century and renovated through the Zand dynasty in the 18th century .

In and around the Ardabil Bazaar are numerous caravansaries and inns , owned by the estate of the Safavid Dynasty shrine , and mosques , some of which were endowed by Ata-Malik Juvayni (1226–1283) for the Shaykh Safi shrine . The proceeds from the many shops , bathhouses and inns in the bazaar that are owned by the estate of the shrine are used for the shrines upkeep .

Sabalan

Sabalan is an inactive stratovolcano in Ardabil province of northwestern Iran . It is the third highest mountain in Iran and has a permanent crater lake formed at its summit . Sabalan has a ski resort (Alvares) and different tourist areas such as the Sarein spa . The mountain is known for its beautiful vistas , including the Shirvan gorge , where few climbers ever venture . According to some beliefs , the Mount Sabalan was the place where Zoroaster meditated for some years , so Mt. Savalan is one of the important sacred places in Zoroastrianism .

Ardabil Anthropology Museum

Ardabil Anthropology Museum is a museum in Ardabil , Iran . The building of the museum was originally a historical bath with the name of Zahir-al-Islam , belonging to the pre-Safavid period , about second half of the seventh century AH . Cultural Heritage Organization of Iran changed it to the Museum of Anthropology in 1999 . The museum is near to the Sheikh Safi mausoleum .

Shorabil Lake

Shorabil is a lake located in a hilly area south of the Iranian city of Ardabil . Ardabil University is located near the lake .

The surface of the lake is 640,000 m² , and is covered with a thin white layer of minerals which are useful in healing skin diseases and rheumatism . The leisure complex of Shorabil is located near the lake . The lake is ringed by a scenic roadway offering views of the lake and the nearby Sabalan mountain .

The basin was covered with mud and high concentrations of salt and other minerals so that no fish could survive . In 1998 , the government of Ardabil started diluting the lake water by linking rivers from the surrounding area . After almost 2 years they also started growing a kind of fish called "ghezel-aala" in the lake which is famous for having pink meat and wonderful taste . In 1999 a floating restaurant was built and placed in the middle of the lake . which was transferred to the government but it was later shifted to the shore as they could not handle the maintenance and other technical difficulties .

Alvares (ski resort)

Alvares is a ski resort in the Iranian province of Ardabil . It is the second standard ski resort in Iran and is situated in the hamlet of Alvares , which is located 24 kilometers away from the city of Sarein at an altitude of 3,200 meters above sea level .

Qahqaheh Castle

Qahqaheh Castle is near Kaleybar in East Azarbaijan province , north-west of Iran . This castle was built in the mountains and was used as a jail for anti-kingdom politicians during the Safavid dynasty . The architecture of this fortification is unique . Ismail II , 3rd king of the Safavid dynasty was the most famous person who was imprisoned in Qahqaheh Castle .